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RESUMEN Fundamento: la pandemia de COVID-19 ha tenido un impacto considerable en número de infectados, muertes, en términos económicos y cambios sociales en el mundo. Objetivo: caracterizar los casos sospechosos y confirmados de la COVID19 en el Centro de aislamiento MICONS de Cienfuegos. Métodos: estudio observacional, descriptivo de corte transversal que incluyó el total de casos sospechosos (836) y confirmados (193) notificados con COVID-19 en el periodo de estudio. Se revisaron historias clínicas y epidemiológicas de los casos. Las variables analizadas fueron edad, sexo, municipio de procedencia, ocupación, fuente de infección, comorbilidad, síntomas presentados, test rápidos positivos y negativos, pruebas de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa positivas y negativas, tipo de caso y semana estadística. Resultados: predominó el grupo de edades entre 45 a 59 años con el 33,8 %; el 48,4 % de pacientes ingresados en el centro fueron hipertensos; el 23,4 % del total de casos fueron positivos al virus SARS-CoV- 2; los síntomas predominantes fueron la fiebre con un 39,2 %; la tos con un 37,7 % y la cefalea con un 30,1 %. Conclusiones: el trabajo da respuesta a una visión científicamente fundamentada de las características de la pandemia de la COVID -19 en la provincia en cuanto a la forma de control, donde es necesario continuar con la realización de nuevos estudios para evaluar el impacto de esta enfermedad en salud pública.
ABSTRACT Background: the COVID-19 pandemic has had a considerable impact in terms of infections, deaths, economic and social changes in the world. Objective: to characterize the suspected and confirmed cases of COVID19 in the MICONS Isolation Center in Cienfuegos. Methods: Observational, descriptive cross-sectional study that included the total number of suspected (836) and confirmed (193) cases reported with COVID-19 in the study period. Clinical and epidemiological records of the cases were reviewed. The variables analyzed were age, sex, municipality of origin, occupation, source of infection, comorbidity, symptoms presented, positive and negative rapid tests, positive and negative PCR, type of case and statistical week. Results: the age group between 45 and 59 years old prevailed with 33.8%; 48.4% of patients admitted to the center were hypertensive; 23.4% of the total cases were positive for the SARS-CoV-2 virus; the predominant symptoms were fever with 39.2%; cough with 37.7% and headache with 30.1%. Conclusions: the work responds to a scientifically based vision of the characteristics of the COVID -19 pandemic in the province in terms of the form of control, where it is necessary to continue carrying out new studies to evaluate the impact of this disease in public health.
ABSTRACT
RESUMEN Fundamento la prevención del contagio por coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 es la principal arma contra la enfermedad, en Cuba se lleva a cabo con el aislamiento social en centros específicos donde se intenciona una modulación de la conducta de las personas clasificadas como contactos. Objetivo: describir la modulación de la conducta en pacientes contactos atendidos en centro de aislamiento antes, durante y al término de su vigilancia epidemiológica. Métodos: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en el centro de aislamiento Villa Azucarera de Camagüey para pacientes contactos de enfermos por coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, durante febrero-marzo de 2021. Se emplearon métodos teóricos: analítico-sintético e inductivo-deductivo y empíricos: observación, encuesta epidemiológica y entrevistas. Resultados: se demostró la modulación de la conducta al concluir la vigilancia epidemiológica, la elevación de la necesidad del uso del nasobuco, el frecuente lavado de las manos y el distanciamiento social. Predominaron los pacientes masculinos con edades entre 31 y 40 años. La actitud del paciente durante la vigilancia en la institución se modificó de un explícito rechazo al inicio, a una aceptación en el momento del egreso y el aumento de la percepción del riesgo a enfermar a partir del incremento del nivel de información y de la relación terapéutica que se establece con el personal de salud. Conclusiones: la información que se brinda en un centro de aislamiento, unido a la relación terapéutica con el personal de salud modula favorablemente la conducta de los contactos de pacientes con COVID-19.
ABSTRACT Background: The prevention of the contagion of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is the main weapon against the disease, and in Cuba it is carried out, fundamentally, with social isolation in specific centers where a modeling of the behavior of classified people is intended as contacts. Objective: To describe the modulation of behavior in contact patients treated in the Villa Azucarera isolation center before, during and at the end of their epidemiological surveillance. Methods: Observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study in the Villa Azucarera de Camagüey isolation center for patient contacts of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus patients during February and March 2021. Theoretical methods were used: analysis-synthesis and inductive-deductive and empirical: observation, epidemiological survey and interviews. Results: Behavior modulation was demonstrated at the conclusion of the epidemiological surveillance and the increase in the need to use the nasobuco, frequent hand washing and social distancing. Male patients aged between 31 and 40 years predominated. Conclusions: The attitude of the patient during the surveillance in the institution changes from an explicit rejection at the beginning, to an acceptance at the time of discharge, and an increase in the perception of the risk of becoming ill due to the increase in the level of information and of the therapeutic relationship established with health personnel.
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Objective:To investigate the compassion fatigue of medical staff working in centralized quarantine sites and its influencing factors during the COVID-19 epidemic.Methods:From September 2020 to October 2020, a cross-sectional study was conducted on 213 medical staff working in 13 quarantine centers in two districts of Shanghai. A self-made general information questionnaire, professional quality of life scale, general self-efficacy scale and perceived social support scale were used in the study.Results:The score of empathy satisfaction was 33.00(28.25, 37.75), and there were 141 cases (66.20%) with supercritical value. The score of job burnout was 26.00(21.50, 30.50), and 96 cases (45.07%) exceeded the critical value. The score of secondary traumatic stress was 25.00(20.50, 29.50), and 192 cases (90.14%) exceeded the critical value. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that average daily working hours, job satisfaction, self-evaluation of work pressure, general self-efficacy and perceived social support were the influencing factors of compassion fatigue among medical staff. Compared with those who worked for 0 h in the polluted area, those who worked for more than 8 h had a higher degree of compassion fatigue ( OR=7.787, 95 %CI: 1.127-53.820);compared with those who were more satisfied with their work, those who were less satisfied with their work had a higher degree of compassion fatigue ( OR=6.209,95 %CI:1.474-26.157); compared with those with no or low stress, those with high stress had higher degree of compassion fatigue ( OR=2.567, 95 %CI: 1.228-5.366); compared with those with high self-confidence, those with low self-confidence or moderate self-confidence had higher degree of compassion fatigue ( OR=13.519, 95 %CI: 3.394-53.848; OR=3.462, 95 %CI: 1.038-11.548); compared with those with high perceived social support, those with low perceived social support had higher degree of compassion fatigue ( OR=2.071, 95 %CI: 1.027-4.175) (all P<0.05). Conclusion:The status of compassion fatigue of medical staff working in the centralized quarantine sites need to be improved. We should pay more attention to the those medical staff having long daily working hours in the polluted area, those with low job satisfaction, poor self-evaluation of work pressure, poor general self-efficacy and low perceived social support.
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Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes a highly contagious and generally benign, self-limited disease. However, in high-risk populations including immunocompromised patients, pregnant women, and neonates, VZV infection can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Healthcare-associated transmission of VZV occurs among healthcare workers (HCWs) and patients by airborne transmission or by direct contact with the index case. To minimize the risk of transmission in healthcare settings, all VZV-susceptible HCWs should be encouraged strongly to be immunized with the varicella vaccine. For post-exposure management, active immunization (varicella vaccine), passive immunization (varicella-zoster immune globulin) and/or antiviral agents, and isolation could be used in specific situations. To prevent the transmission of VZV infection in the hospital settings, the development and implementation of hospital policies for appropriate infection control is also warranted. This article reviews the general information and healthcare-associated transmission of VZV and summarizes the recommendations for the pre- and post-exposure management of HCWs and patients, in hospital settings.